----[AFTER THE BATTLE of PORT ARTHUR, DURING THE SIEGE IN THE OTTOMAN MAP] Por Artur'un 1904 Tesrin-i evvel avastina kadar olan vaziyeti [Levha 14].

Very Good Turkish, Ottoman (1500-1928) Original color map of Port Arthur in 1904. Oblong elephant folio. (58x82 cm). In Ottoman script. A huge and fine color map. Scale: 1:30.000. It shows the situation of Port Arthur (now Lüshunkou) in September 1904 after the Battle of Port Arthur during the Siege. Including Port Arthur, West Harbour, Tahu Bay and China and hinterland. The Battle of Port Arthur of 8-9 February 1904 marked the commencement of the Russo-Japanese War. It began with a surprise night attack by a squadron of Japanese destroyers on the neutral Russian fleet anchored at Port Arthur, Manchuria, and continued with an engagement the following morning; further skirmishing off Port Arthur would continue until May 1904. The attack ended inconclusively, though the war resulted in a decisive Japanese victory. The Siege of Port Arthur (August 1, 1904 - January 2, 1905), the deep-water port and Russian naval base at the tip of the Liaodong Peninsula in Manchuria, was the longest and most violent land battle of the Russo-Japanese War.Port Arthur had been widely regarded as one of the most strongly fortified positions in the world. However, during the First Sino-Japanese War, General Nogi Maresuke had taken the city from the forces of Qing China in only a few days. The ease of his victory during the previous conflict, and overconfidence by the Japanese General Staff in its ability to overcome improved Russian fortifications, led to a much longer campaign and far greater losses than expected. The Siege of Port Arthur saw the introduction of much technology used in subsequent wars of the 20th century (particularly in World War I) including massive 28 cm howitzers capable of hurling 217-kilogram (478-pound) shells over 8 kilometers (5.0 miles), as well as rapid-firing light howitzers, Maxim machine guns, bolt-action magazine rifles, barbed wire entanglements, electric fences, arc lamp searchlights, tactical radio signalling (and, in response, the first military use of radio jamming), hand grenades, extensive trench warfare, and the use of modified naval mines as land weapons.

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